Integrative and adaptative governance

- public consultation

- deliberative democracy

- multi-sakeholder partnership consultations

- community-based natural resource management

- co-management of nature

- gender sensitive approves

- biodiversity councils and committees

- citizen science programmes

- rights-based approach

Cultivating the capacity of social-ecological systems to adapt, to respond to disturbance or change while maintaining the same overall identity and functions (Walker et al. 2004; Chaffin et al. 2014).

Social learning: single loop learning, double loop learning triple loop learning. Social learning can evidence awareness expansion that does not necessarily reflect changes in practice.

Reflexivity entails a capacity to recognise social-ecological dynamics, rethinк core values and practices, and respond accordingly, if need be, through comprehensive institutional transformation.